using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs, Allocation of resources, e.g. It sounds silly, but to me it might as well have been magic.. A multilevel computer system including high level computing means and low level computing means, comprising: communications link means for transferring portions of a task within the computer system, said communications link means including first link means and second link means; said high level computer means including at least one computer means and operable for receiving the task, for distributing for processing portions of the task to said low level computer means based on the availability, as determined by said high level computer means, of said low level computer means to process one or more portions of the task, said availability being previously communicated to said high level computer means along said first link means of said communication link means and for processing, if currently available, all undistributed portions of the task; said low level computer means including at least two computer means and operable for processing received portions of the task from the high level computer means, one of said at least two computer means operable for receiving an additional task and for processing, if currently available, portions of the additional task; said high level computer means also operable for receiving from one of said at least two computer means of said low level computer means portions of the unprocessed additional task and for distributing, for processing those portions of the unprocessed additional task to the other of said at least two computer means for processing by the latter based on the availability of the other of said at least two computer means to process one or more portions of the unprocessed additional task, said availability of the other of said at least two computer means being previously communicated to said high level computer means from the other of said at least two computer means along said first link means and, if available, processing of those portions of the unprocessed additional task undistributed to said other of said at least two computer means; said communications link means also for communicating to said high level computer means along said first link means from said low level computer means the current availability of said low level computer means to process one or more portions of the task and for communicating to said high level computer along said first link means from the other of said at least two computer means the current availability of the other of said at least two computer means to process one or more portions of the unprocessed additional task, said first link means coupling said at least one computer means of said high level computer means to said at least two computer means of said low level computer means, each of said second link means coupling said at least two computer means of said low level computer means together; wherein the number of first link means and the number of second link means coupled to one of the at least two computer means of said low level computer means are unequal. CPUs, Servers, Terminals, Allocation of resources, e.g. EFFECTIVE: JUNE 8, 1989, GERMANY, Assignors: DEUTSCHE TEXACO AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT GMBH, Arrangements for program control, e.g. In the abstract of the patent filed by Schwartz in August 1988, he describes a distributed network of computers for distributed data processing, with each node handling portions of the data. communications link means for transferring portions of the task within the computer system, said communications link means including first link means and second link means, said first link means coupling said at least one computer of said high level computer means to said at least two computers of said low level computer means, each of said second link means coupling said at least two computers of said low level computer means together; wherein the availability of said low level computer means is communicated to said high level computer means and the availability of said high level computer means is communicated to said low level computer means along said first link means; and. 15. The computer system of claim 44, wherein said high level computer means, low level computer means and lower level computer means are operable for processing different portions of the further additional task at the same time. The product didnt sell well, but demand for programmers rose during the dot-com era, and Schwartz pursued a number of network-related programming positions. Bougalis had spent roughly a . 5 is a block diagram of a distributed computer system in accordance with the invention; FIG. In 1990 he received a degree in electrical engineering from the University of Houston. 21. 1, a prior art cluster computer system 10 includes between three to six, In operation, once one portion of a task is solved by one, The token ring scheme is based on collision avoidance. The computer system of claim 9, wherein each computer within the computer system is a personal type computer. wherein the number of first and second link means associated with at least one of the at least two computers of said low level computer means are unequal. 69. 16. Does it rust? He is one of the chief architects of the XRP Ledger, but a patent filing in 1988 shows he had a similar vision for a decentralized network before there was anything called a blockchain. Disclaimer: This content is informational and should not be considered financial advice. But one where the settlement, the actual movement of money, the actual plumbing underneath the surface, would be a decentralized, open network, Schwartz says. There is probably no doubt that David Schwartz, as Ripple CTO, owns a large amount of XRP. 41. It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, and those made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above method and construction set forth without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. A task inputted to the system is divided into a plurality of portions. David Schwartz, CTO of Ripple, recently tweeted his opinions on how adopting blockchain-agnostic solutions might hasten the spread of XRP and attract more consumers within the Ripple platform. The computer system of claim 1, wherein said first link means are operable for transferring portions of the task and additional task bidirectionally. Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees, Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee, Information on status: patent discontinuation. Referring to FIG. Generally, a distributed computer system can not perform distributed processing unless specific and detailed instructions are provided for one computer to serve as the equivalent of a slave processor to another computer. In order to reach the offices, one must first pass through a grand archway that resembles something from Italys Medici era. In an era when secure emails are transmitted instantly and the bitcoin and ethereum blockchains move millions in minutes, most international money transfers take at least three days to settle, with fees that are opaque and varied. With Ripples value at $4.7 billion (and XRPs market cap at $13 billion), Schwartzs net worth is estimated to be about $90 million. The computer system of claim 37, wherein each computer means within the low level computer means is coupled to at least one other computer means within the low level computer means through two second link means whereby the low level computer means forms a ring of computer means. In early 2011 Schwartz was looking for something new. The CTO's perspective is that a blockchain-agnostic solution is a technology that can operate with all digital assets in the cryptocurrency space or . It didnt take long for banks to see the potential in what Ripple was creating. The Ripple executive did this in a tweet yesterday, surmising his thoughts on arguments made by lawyers of former Coinbase product manager Ishan Wahi in a motion to dismiss a civil suit filed by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The same years he was awarded his first patent for a distributed computer network that he designed (20 years before the Bitcoin blockchain was invented). The method of claim 28, further including transferring portions of the task along the second link means bidirectionally. Some 57% of ether production is controlled by three mining pools. David Schwartz created the XRPL way back in 1988 when they didnt even had a name for the blockchain. Consequently, only one of, Referring once again to FIG. 28 Apr 2023 19:00:14 38 min. 31. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resource being a machine, e.g. 65. Despite the fact that none of Ripples early banking partners were using XRP cryptocurrency, its penny stock price, coupled with confusion over its actual relationship to Ripple, caused XRP to soar on crypto exchanges to a peak of $3.65 in January 2018, up from $.006 only a year before. SWIFT handles approximately 25 million such messages per day, and the result is an estimated $6.74 trillion in transfers. 39. The two discuss the current state of NFTs, the communities involved in the space and look ahead at the evolution of this technology. Ripple executives, including CTO David Schwartz, have admitted the software that is sold to banks for payments processing, XCurrent, is not a blockchain or any form of distributed ledger. This idea of disintermediating these shadow regulators that are not democratically accountable and are not elected but act as policemen kind of resonated with me. Prior to joining Ripple, David Schwartz was Chief Technical Officer for WebMaster Incorporated, a Santa Clara software developer. Similarly, different portions of any additional task are processed at the same time by different computers. When that barrier goes away, you understand it. The computer system of claim 3, wherein said second link means are operable for transferring portions of the task and additional task bidirectionally. Brennan, who holds a Masters degree in Business Administration, learned about the potential of blockchain technology. By the end of the conversation, the two had decided to see if they could build a financial infrastructure similar to bitcoin that would use far less energy and drastically reduce transaction time. Schwartz went on to help build two financial tools that would become Ripples first core products: xVia, a payment interface designed to let users send payments globally with increased transparency, and xCurrent, enterprise software that lets banks initiate and settle transactions. 7. 40. Check out his full Patent HERE The computer system of claim 20, wherein each computer means within the low level computer means is coupled to at least one other computer within the low level computer means through two second link means whereby the low level computer means forms a ring of computer means. 42. Prior to joining Ripple, David Schwartz was Chief Technical Officer for WebMaster Incorporated, a Santa Clara software developer. 4 is a block diagram of a computer in accordance with the invention; FIG. David Schwartz created the XRPL way back in 1988 when they didn't even had a name for the blockchain. The computer system of claim 46, wherein each computer means within the computer system is substantially similar in construction. As of June 2018, some 180 banks were using this encrypted, non-blockchain alternative to transfer about $100 billion in cross-border payments per day. While not the same, it is eerily similar to how validation works on the XRP Ledger. He argued that by not limiting a technology to work only with XRP, Ripple's native digital asset, more people would be attracted to the technology and benefit from improved user experiences. Generally speaking, in accordance with the invention, a multilevel computer system includes at least one high level computer operable for receiving a task, for distributing portions of the task to be processed by one or more currently available low level computers and for processing, if it can, all undistributed portions of the task itself. Speaking of his job at Ripple, Schwartz says that he likes the fact that the company makes it possible for him to work with cutting-edge technologies and build not-yet-decided products. of the central processing unit [CPU], Allocation of resources, e.g. This invention relates generally to a computer system, and more particularly to distributed processing of a task by a distributed computer system. A task inputted to the system is divided into a plurality of portions. David Schwartz is Chief Technology Officer (CTO) and Chief Cryptographer at Ripple. Readers are encouraged to do thorough research before making any investment decisions. Lessening of the load that any one computer is requested to process results. He mentions a project completed in 2015, when the European Central Bank launched a new platform for linking 20 central securities depositories (CSDs). Patent Documents Reveal David Schwartz May Have Come Up With XRP Ledger Concept In 1988, Former Ripple Exec: XRP Ledger Years Ahead of Ethereum As Vitalik Wanted Internship at Ripple, Binance Total LUNC Burns Surpass 31B as Exchange Burns 1.2B+ Terra Classic, Peter Brandt Says Bitcoin Will Be The Only King Of Hill If This Happens, Binance CEO Praises Shiba Inu While Responding to PEPE Listing, 11.3M Shiba Inu Burned in 24 Hours, 22M in Week, Cardano Founder Responds to Criticism of Building Nothing for Ethereum. control units, Arrangements for program control, e.g. We dont know is the official response from a company spokesperson. Charles Schwartz has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. Ripple is also widely used in assisting fast payment transfers in many countries and leading banks. Is it manufacturable? Is it really strong? Computers on the higher level are used as a last resort for processing when one or more portions of the task cannot be distributed for processing to computers connected through the A, B and D. The A and B links are used to shorten the path along which a portion of a task is to be distributed. 34. Lets say you want to transfer $5,000 from your account at JPMorgan Chase to your cousin in La Paz, Bolivia. 4, a computer 100 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 110, a, Each of the elements within computer 100 is an off the shelf item. The first links couple at least one computer of the high level computer means to at least two computers of the low level computer means. 63. RWE-DEA AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT FUR MINERALOEL UND CHEM, Free format text: 67. Probably plenty of videos on Youtube that will explain it in very simple . My objective initially was just to see if it was true, says Schwartz, who started working on the code that would eventually underpin the XRP cryptocurrency. It was a fantastic experience, Schwartz says. Join the club! Ripple is fighting a $1.3 billion SEC lawsuit over whether its XRP token is a security. Ripple has upgraded its XRP Ledger with the Negative UNL amendment, which provides resilience for the network when multiple validators are offline. The multilevel computer system is particularly well suited for use in an office, corporation or the like wherein a hierarchy of personnel exists. Method of and arrangement for ordering of multiprocessor operations in a multiprocessor system. It was like inventing a new material. With Ripple's value at $4.7 billion (and XRP's market cap at $13 billion), Schwartz's net worth is estimated to be about $90 million. The computer system of claim 37, wherein the number of first link means and the number of second link means associated with each computer means of said low level computer means are unequal. 1 is a block diagram of a cluster computer system; FIG. The computer system of claim 37, wherein the number of first link means is greater than the number of second link means. Each second link couples at least two computers of the low level computer means together. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved distributed computer system in which there is a continuous active interconnection between computers. 28. I think the clean-sheet approach is almost always going to produce a better design at a lower cost.. 37. At least two low level computers are operable for receiving an additional task, for processing, if they can, portions of the additional task and distributing for processing those portions of the additional task unprocessed by the low level computers to the at least one high level computer if the latter is currently available for processing. How many transactions rely on Ripples sanctioned validators? To this day Schwartz is not listed as a cofounder of Ripple, despite being employee number two and its chief architect. Under one embodiment of the invention no portion of a task, if possible, should be distributed so that the path of distribution of one or more portions of the task from one computer 100 to another computer 100 includes yet another computer 100 which is on a higher level of the computer system. 17. The method of claim 66, further including transferring portions of the task along the second link means bidirectionally. 64. Well, Ripple, powered by David Schwartz's technological genius, is on a mission to lead international money transfers into a happy (and much faster) future. Normally, and unlike a typical distributed computer system, distributed processing is performed by a number of different microprocessors located within one central processor. Owner name: The computer system of claim 48, wherein the fourth link means are operable for transferring portions of the task, additional task and further additional task unidirectionally. 52. 44. 7 illustrates the operation of FIG. Around this time Schwartz met Jed McCaleb, the founder of the Mt Gox bitcoin exchange and an early Napster competitor called eDonkey 2000. The computer system of claim 58, wherein each computer means within the computer system is a personal type computer. With more than 10,000 banks in SWIFTs network, Newman is hopeful that he can transition all of SWIFTs members to its new system GPI system by 2020. Known as "JoelKatz . Preferably, the distributed computer system should include a plurality of personal computers operable for performing distributed processing to avoid the need for a mainframe. By requiring that the complete task be transferred from one computer to another, a state of distributed processing is created. And then, once you have all those properties, is there some use case for that?. While GPI isnt necessarily a Ripple-killer, it presents another serious hurdle for Ripple to clear. Its a control, says Schwartz. 2, the number of computers shown (i.e. The computer system of claim 1, wherein said high level computer means and said low level computer means are operable for processing different portions of the task at the same time. At 5 he would use a screwdriver to dismantle them, removing them from household doors, so that family photos show gaping holes where the knobs should be. Ripple Labs CTO David Schwartz is giving some reasonably sound investment advice, though it comes at a strange time for the payments network. Failure to recover from proactive semantic interference (frPSI) has been shown to be more sensitive than traditional cognitive measures in different populations with preclinical Alzheimer's disease. The computer system of claim 46, wherein the third link means are operable for transferring portions of the task, additional task and further additional task bidirectionally. control units using stored programs, i.e. processing portions of an additional task by at least one of the at least two low level computers which are currently available for processing, and distributing for processing along the communications link those portions of the additional task unprocessed by the low level computers to any currently available high level computer. The following year he was awarded his first patent20 years before Satoshi Nakamoto invented the bitcoin blockchainfor a distributed computer network he designed to lighten the burden of a central processor. When such specific and detailed instructions are provided a distributed computer system performing distributed processing can not pass portions of a task from one computer to another computer. The computer system of claim 3, wherein said second link means are operable for transferring portions of the task and additional task unidirectionally. Along the way, Schwartz developed an online persona, JoelKatz (the name was inspired by Stimpson J. Yesterday, July 18th, author Linda P. Jones shared on Twitter a forbes story about David Schwards titled "Ripple's Trillion-Dollar Man," which spoke about one of the original creators of the Ripple Ledger, David Schwartz. The method of claim 63, further including transferring portions of the task along the first link means bidirectionally. Mercury FX, a London-based foreign-exchange firm that offers clients an alternative to banks when sending and receiving international currencies, will soon move from its pilot xRapid program to live production. But to truly decentralize the system, Schwartz is urging others to build on the XRP blockchain the way ethereum has. And if persuading bankers to switch to the largely untested Ripple platform wasnt difficult enough, the company also faces competition from a host of other startups, including Stellar, a blockchain money-transfer firm formed in 2014 by one of Ripples founders. communication) between computers is present in a distributed computer system except in regard to sharing the same hard disk drive and/or printer. r/Ripple The Ripple CBDC team will be collaborating with the Central Bank of Montenegro CBCG on a pilot project to create a CBDC or . The A and B links (especially if used to form a comlete ring of computers on the same level) avoid such upward passing by providing communications links to computers 100 on the same level or lower levels. 68. If its the best solution, use it. The computer system of claim 37, wherein said first link means are operable for transferring portions of the task and additional task bidirectionally. Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part be apparent from the specification. A distributed computer system performing distributed processing with more than about six computers is difficult to work with since many of the same lines, disk drives, printers and other equipment must be shared by each computer. A distributed computer system is a network of computers each of which function independently of but in a cooperative manner with each other. The computer system of claim 1, wherein each computer within the low level computer means is coupled to at least one other computer within the low level computer means through two second link means whereby the low level computer means forms a ring of computers. Prior art distributed computer systems which automatically shift a task from an unavailable computer to an available computer require complex programming with specially designed communication links between the computers. GPI isnt a rebuild of their entire back office, says Harry Newman, SWIFTs global head of banking. As for the validators, Schwartz claims that only 10 of the 150 currently supporting the network are managed by Ripple. 9. For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference is had to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. @JoelKatz, his Twitter handle, has more than 100,000 followers. Schwartz said that miners' involvement in Bitcoin's PoW . Is it really light? In this way Ripple hopes to transform XRP into a decentralized reserve currency for international banks. Meawhile he was getting interested in cryptography. A method of distributed processing within a network of computers, comprising: establishing a communications link which includes first link means and second link means wherein the low level computers are coupled together through the second link means to form a ring of computers and the at least one high level computer is coupled to the at least two low level computers through the first link means and wherein the number of first and second links associated with each low level computer are unequal; distributing portions of a task to be processed by currently available low level computers along the communications link based on the availability of the low level computers to process one or more portions of the task, said availability being previously communicated to the at least one high level computer along the first link means; processing the distributed portions of the task by currently available low level computers; processing, if currently available, all undistributed portions of the task by the at least one high level computer; processing portions of an additional task by currently available low level computers; distributing for processing along the communications link those portions of the additional task unprocessed by the low level computers to the at least one high level computer based on the availability of the at least one high level computer to process one or more portions of the unprocessed additional task, said availability of the at least one high level computer being previously communicated to at least one of the low level computers along the first link mean; and. 20. In other words, there is worry in the crypto community that, like SWIFT, Ripples system remains more centrally controlled than it appears. window.coinzilla_display=window.coinzilla_display||[];var c_display_preferences={};c_display_preferences.zone="325fe079eb73cc7840";c_display_preferences.width="300";c_display_preferences.height="250";coinzilla_display.push(c_display_preferences). And then, probably a month and a half later, we reached the point where I proved to him that yes, this would work, it would be possible, but we didnt know what it would be good for. Patents Assigned to RIPPLE LABS INC. Network computing system executing programmatic adapters to implement asynchronous communications Patent number: 11551191 Abstract: A computing system can establish asynchronous network communications with exchanges to facilitate cross-medium transactions between originating and recipient clients. 35. The computer system of claim 42, wherein said high level computer means and said low level computer means are operable for processing different portions of the additional task at the same time. The competition has jolted SWIFT into action. His widely read JoelKatz blog is subtitled Democracy is vulnerable to a 51% attack, an allusion to the tipping point at which one party could gain majority control of a cryptocurrency, no longer making it decentralized. Last year it launched its Global Payment Innovation (GPI) initiative in an effort to make its payments real-time. What remains unclear (by design) is how many of the non-Ripple validators are relying on the UNLs Ripple has actually deemed to be trustworthy. He developed encrypted cloud storage and enterprise messaging systems for organizations like CNN and the. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the number of first link means and the number of second link means associated with each computer of said low level computer means are unequal. In processing each task within the computer system, different portions of the task are processed at the same time by different computers. The computer system of claim 46, wherein the number of third link means and the number of fourth link means associated with each computer means of said lower level computer means are unequal. 7 is a flow chart of FIG. The company has recruited hundreds of the worlds largest financial institutionsfrom UBS and BBVA to American Express and the Bank of Indonesiato test Ripples new tools designed to modernize the way they move money. 49. Larsen quickly set out to recruit hundreds of global banks to test early versions of Ripples technology. As shown in FIG. The computer system of claim 14, wherein the fourth link means are operable for transferring portions of the task, additional task and further additional task bidirectionally.
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