It is the Stylistics being a relatively new and independent linguistic discipline has recorded an innumerable influx of researches and literary assessment by scholars in that field; new theories, concepts, models and principles have also sprung up in the field of stylistics and attempts have in recent times been made by literary critics and stylisticians to apply these emerging theories and principles into the analysis of texts. Wales (2001) has attempted a seemingly clearest and most complete definition of graphology so far, since it clarifies its meaning and incorporated many other features beyond the letters of alphabet, for example: punctuation and spacing. which is the smallest phonological For them, the underlying thought can never be separated from its final verbal form and that the only means of reading the writers mind is the completed text, which is a product of the synthesis of thought and style. 2.1.4.1 Linguistic Stylistics Different registers make particular use of such graphological features as: size of print and capitalization in newspaper and advertising lay-outs; different typefaces and sizes in dictionaries such as this one; special lines in poetry, etc. Style can vary depending on the oral written. Tel: +65 6509 9088 However, there are many figurative descriptions of this view of style during the history of Renaissance and Neo-Classical periods. readers. to bear on the work. Also, stylistic tools like phonological, grammatical, lexical, and graphological features were employed to aid the flow of the message and the organizational structures of the poem. Therefore, we have basically , two types of stylistics: literary and linguistic stylistics. The most distinct graphological feature in poetry is the linear arrangement of the poem in contrast to paragraphing in the case of prose. The theory underlying graphology is that handwriting is an expression of personality; hence, a systematic analysis of the way words and letters are formed can reveal traits of personality. Email: special offers and other discount information. us chance to create a complex The result is that, whereas linguistic stylistics comes up with a somewhat objective evaluation, based on realistic criteria; literary criticism comes up with that which is generally imaginative, speculative, subjective, and impressionistic (Isidore, 2010:30). The use of punctuation marks can equally create stylistic effects. It is done on the purpose of commenting on the quality of a text. Despite a break of traditional rules, my sonnet still be called a sonnet? 4 0 obj According to (Short, 2000), the principle of deviation occurs by employing abnormal forms of language and breaking up the reader's routine behavior; by this, unremarkable views and perspectives are replaced with new and unexpected insights and sensations. This bond is harnessed given the qualities that they share. Graphological features of scientific language - It makes frequent use of diagrams, figures, graphs, charts, maps, tables, etc. This level sees context as the spine of meaning. The traditional dualistic view later clashed with the monist organic view of style of the new critics. Text Analysis in Stylistics. Hyphens (6) Style: In the context of this research, style is defined as the distinct way of language use which expresses the individuality of the authors intents, thoughts and ideas. Since stylistics also concerns itself with the sociocultural context which reading and writing take place, contextual factors such as the cultural background of the reader and the situation in which the text is read must be taken into consideration when analyzing a text at the level of context. xcolor: How to get the complementary color. The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. levels of stylistics that concerns textual presentation. As a matter of fact, scholars of stylistics have scarcely given this poet a deserving attention. The description of formal patterns can help in objectifying stylistic analysis as well as enabling the critic or readers to discipline their intuitive responses to text. before. There are various morphological processes. 1964: 50). Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia, Copy Of Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia, Nuevo presentacin de microsoft power point, readingandwritingskills-171211141506.pptx, THE ENCHANTED EEL OF CAGUBATAN, TADIAN.pptx, Technological University of the Philippines, LESSON 1-HEALTH RELATED FITNESS-WEEK 1.pptx, bias-and-prejudice1-221121003535-0ece477d.pptx, LESSON 1-TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN BAKING.pptx, JULIUS PAULO Stylistics, Literary Criticism and Practical Criticism have certain things in common. Graphology is a stylistic instrument which makes Ushie's writing peculiarity, an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. This approach lays emphasis on the description of the formal pattern in a text using a linguistic basis. 3.2. endobj Finally the use of rhetorical devices should be added to advertising slogan, making it more unique. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. Their proposals imply a great step forward in linguistics and stylistics studies because they organize graphological features in a systematic and structured way. On the other, it may bring to light, significant features of style which would otherwise have been overloaded, and so lead to further insights; but only in a limited sense does it provide an objective measurement of style. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011). Graphologists note suchRead More All intellectual property rights, including copyright in this publication, except for those attributed to named sources, are owned by the author(s) of . Examples: whole H+h[''6=.5:i+2h K|We$H},:,jLF|ioDVUlxL-?i j=vRsq?}abPQp|X] 1JX)Rh2?rA.mYeM[U]@Le!uu!0fD[k$sX@0XB cq;Wj 4zsxd jMb1%pkx>? language, it studies the sound system. Identify some features that can be focused on in a linguistic stylistic analysis. understood without the knowledge of context and Stylistics are used to determines the form of language as being used and the effects of that particular variety used, Stylistics also helps us to understand that language has several varieties which are distinctive to each other. The converse of this premise (i.e. 2.3.5 Syntactic Level . people. In literary stylistics one goes ahead to give additional information that will assist in understanding the text. 8 Burn Road #13-14 Trivex Moreover, the role of quantification depends on how necessary it is to prove ones point intuition has a respectable place both in linguistics and criticism. It views graphology as the inference of character from a persons handwriting. amount of vocabulary Verdonk (2002) in his observation puts it that style does not arise out of a vacuum rather, its production, purpose, and effect are deeply embedded in the particular context in which both the writer and the reader of the text play their distinctive roles. 2) To what extent are the identified patterns of graphology signifiers of meaning? the invisible meanings in a text. To them, Objectivity posits that, such observations and analyses made by a critic should always be backed with tangible linguistic evidence away from intuitive response. The use of the word may be unfamiliar. It can be used to derive stylistic effect in an advertisement. -Connotations Does the order of validations and MAC with clear text matter? To a large extent, language was then taught also using literary texts which represented a rather attractive option for some L2 learners as contemporary literature was often chosen. Special acknowledgement goes to the Almighty God, the author and finisher of faith, the alpha and omega, for His sustenance and benevolence. Kenyayote.com uses Cookies to improve your experience. (status/social dialect), Which period of English was the text written (Time), Does the text involve speaking or writing? Detailed evidence of the morphological level will be sought in the selected bank adverts viz-a-viz their stylistic functional relevance. :~$ u}87UzjLU*(^XKZ9*{^w&]Bj4Vb;q.Va[h=J'[j-z ]|xkr6. A detailed explanation of the model is provided afterwards. This can be identified by looking at words in italics, capital letters, bold letters, words that are underlined, and so on. The concept of graphology as a linguistic level of analysis is particularly prominent in stylistics and multimodality. Leech and Short (2007:11) see it as the linguistic study of style or the study of language as used in literary texts, with the aim of relating it to its artistic functions (13). <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 842.04] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> Pedagogical stylistics is intrinsically linked with the teaching of the linguistic features of written texts as a means of enhancing students understanding of literature and language. Style also varies from one period to another. level, syntactic level, graphological level and semantic level. The pragmatic meaning of a text can be recovered through the context that produces the text. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Deviation as a concept has received a special interest from stylisticians. 4.3.1 Yawns and Belches (2018) The collocation range of this word enfolds almost every sphere of human activity. The first is the analysis of a literary text via a linguistic means. Identify four other types of stylistics apart from linguistic and literary stylistics; Identify the features focused on at the phono-graphological level; . (Wikipedia), is the deviation in which poets disregard the rules of writing. The analysis is made under the aspects of phonological, morphological, graphological, and lexicosyntactic levels. Meanings are judged through It is also a theoretical dimension to research undertaken into practice in the stylistics classroom. example as a way of learning more (2) Device: The linguistic instrumentality designed to achieve a particular stylistic effect. May Gods blessings abound.always counting on you too, for higher heights. The journalism . It is based on the premise that stylisticians who are involved with teaching should be aware of the pedagogical orientation and reading paradigms which inform their practice. In spite of such common factor existing between linguistic stylistics and literary criticism, one finds that there lies a difference in their modus operandi, and consequently a difference in their evaluations. 3.4 Research Instrument Stylistics then, is the outcome of the application of objective and analytical method of inquiry in the field of literary criticism. writing: contracted forms, commas, Through stylistics we learn to explain why people use language the way they do in different situations e.g news reporting. 4.3.2 Lambs at the Shrine (1995) Detailed explanations of these levels are given below. Lexis simply refers to words in language. Repetition: a device that repeats the same words or 2.3 Theoretical Framework knowledge and physical context of the CHAPTER THREE: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS. Similarity features-similarity features are normally temporary. These levels include: Lexis, syntax, morphology, graphology, phonology etc. (Harris, 1995) Graphologists note such elements as the size of individual letters and the degree and regularity of slanting, ornamentation, angularity, and curvature. Ndimele (2001:15) defines stylistics as a branch of linguistics which studies the application of linguistics to the study of literature. meaning in a piece of text spoken or For example as a way of learning more about somebody's character through his writing: contracted forms, commas, stops, question marks etc. in Asher and Simpson 4378). She also gives equal importance to the writing system itself and to the discipline that focuses on its analysis, since these are the key aspects that define the concept of graphology. The poetry of Joe Ushie however, is characterized by these features and these inform the desire of this study. Example of phonological devices include: alliteration, assonance, consonance and phonaesthesia. Stylistics analysis of the poem leisure In this chapter we will offer the stylistics analysis of a poem Leisure by William Henry Davies. It involves Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. ), Questions that can help one analyze a text, Do not miss all our updates on English stylistics. McIntoshs definition caught on and developed in the sixties and served in its attempt to integrate more levels than the traditional ones when analyzing written texts. (2015:128) study by mentioning five levels in stylistics such as phonetic level, phonological level, graphological level, grammatical level, and lexical level. All these devices have stylistic effects. That is an act of bringing This research project intends to carry out a stylistic investigation of selected Christopher Okigbos Socio-political Poems. The detailed analysis will lead to more accurate understandings of the language in order to let the readers better understand this variety. Here the question of why particular elements of language have been used arises. 4.1 Significance of the Study 3.2 Population of the Study Style can also be know as the various ways of saying something, Language variation varies depending on the status and social situation, Variation can also be brought about by degree of formality. In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. For this, I recognize very heartedly, my friends: Ekemini Ituen of Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works, and Miracle Sorgwe two friends more precious than gold; Lizzy Uko of Federal Polytechnic, Ukana; Nyakno Solomon of Department of Linguistics, University of Port Harcourt; Joy Akpan, Williams Ekerette and Inimfon Udoinyang, my former classmates at the Department of English, University of Uyo; Odunayo Babalola and Adeniyi and Tayo Titilayo, (my landlords sons); co-budding scholars: Kehinde Odusina and Lasisi Abu, of Department of English, Tai Solarin University of Education, Nigeria, Abosede and Mayowa Ashimolowo Michael, Mr. Gbenga (my predecessors), Victor Abel Snr. Certain characteristic use of words may help us to identify the context of a text, its genre, its communicative purposes, its author, and so on. Whilst the proposals by McIntosh (1961) and Halliday et al. - This research is helpful in understanding the basic concepts, literal and hidden meanings of the poem. I am not ungrateful to them, for making the knowledge readily available and at my disposal. This short video discusses one of the important concepts of stylistics, i.e., Levels of analysis. In view of these controversies surrounding the concept of graphology, this section of the study provides an in-depth insight into the linguistic nature of this term as well as explaining how the concept has evolved from once being simply analogous to phonology, to later becoming a complete and independent principle comprising many different elements. 2) To examine the extent to which the identified patterns of graphology are signifiers of meaning? The other includes the role of stylistics in L1 and L2 pedagogies, that is, the teaching and learning of (English) language through literature. This assertion aligns with the view of Nkopuruk and Odusina (2019). is more dependent upon the readers ability The deployment of language by a writer creates a distinct style through which he/she reaches out to the audience. Focusing on the designer's stylistic vocabulary as expressed in aesthetic themes that . The principal aim of the paper of the paper is to identify and analyse linguistic features used in the play. For instance, according to Ogum (2002:22), critics see it as individuality, rhetoricians as the speaker; philologists as the latent; the linguists as formal structures in function and the psychologists as a form of behaviour. The central question in stylistics is how a text means and language undoubtedly remains the central medium through which a writers style is revealed. They also said that the major aim of studying stylistics is to explore the meanings and understand the linguistic features of the text. reader.RANK FREQUENCY WORD The novelty of the definition offered by Wales (2001) lies in the fact that it broadens the spectrum of elements to be analyzed within the category of graphology beyond the letters of the alphabet, which is something that has not been considered until very recently. 3.8 Method of Data Analysis, Chapter Four: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION But in recent times, the focus has gradually shifted from the authors theme to how meanings and effects are communicated in literary or non-literary texts. The study was a stylistic analysis of the syntactic features and cohesive devices in the columnists use of language in Nigerian Newspapers. While literary stylistics in this light is concerned with the use of linguistic techniques and dwelling heavily on external correlates (history, philosophy, source of inspiration, etc) as well as occasional leap into the elements of language used to interpret a text, the linguistic stylistics is about engaging in stylistic analysis in order to test or define a linguistic model which in turn will contribute to the formation of linguistic theory; the latter also relies heavily on the scientific rules of language in its analysis. 2.1.6.3 Graphological Level 4.3.4 Eclipse in Rwanda (1998) The more a critic wishes to substantiate what he says about style, the more he will need to point to the linguistic evidence of texts; and linguistic evidence, to be firm, must be couched in terms of numerical frequency. occurrences may help in developing the understanding of Abdulwahab (2004) opines that it is expected of every research project to have something new to contribute to knowledge in that subject area, however small as this represents the hallmark of all research endeavours. For her, graphology or graphemics is the study of graphemes and any other element related to the written medium, and of the linguistic system that is manifested through these: The study of such units [graphemes] in a language is called graphemics or graphology. 4.4 Discussion of Findings, Chapter Five: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 2.3.2 Theory of Multimodality Graphology, unlike other linguistic genres such as syntax, phonetics or morphology, is a controversial concept whose meaning tends to be blurred. Introduction to Stylistics is a language and style course that will help the students in exploring (primarily literary) texts. us to find out the hidden meanings to be Pedagogical stylistics emphasizes that the process of improving students linguistic sensibilities must include greater emphasis upon the text as action; that is, upon the mental processing which is such as proactive part of reading and interpretation; and how all of these elements pragmatic and cognitive as well as linguistic function within quite specific social and cultural contexts. The detailed analysis will lead to more accurate understandings of the language in order to let the readers better understand this variety. For instance: phonological, syntactic, graphological, lexico-semantic etc. need to be distinguished and put through an analysis to find out the foregrounding and the derivation. The importance of graphology in a text is to capture the eye of the reader. Contractions/ contracted forms ), paragraphing, spacing, foregrounding of structures and so on. More remarkably, none of Ushies collections has been studied at the level of dissertation, yet, Ushie is a renowned poet whose beautifully complex sentence types and structures, intelligent lexical and graphological foregrounding cannot be overemphasis. Ehrlich, (1990) informs us that the tradition at the inception of the evolution of modern linguistics was for analysts to confine the analysis of a text to the sentence domain of which was, then, regarded as the largest unit with an inherent structure. language in order to facilitate the In the area of stylistics, graphological knowledge is central to the understanding and better appreciation of a literary text. Joe Ushie, a prolific poet has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. Hence, a socio-stylistic study of Gabriel Bamgbose's Something Happened After the Rain is . iTOoW@DpN/lY{f?Q|+ tvM]9!O+MKpzNww V07LjSqTfUFLTe1&` To every other person, whose names escaped my linguistic description on this space, I am grateful equally, for the character you played towards the success of this academic research. What does graphological deviation mean in stylistics analysis? Look at the various devices used to link sentences in grammar for instance logical word (firstly), contrast words (however), result words (therefore) and comparison words (likewise, similarly) among other. Requirements before stylistics analysis. But these definitions appear too eclectic. In the same vein, it is referred to as a level of linguistic analysis which focuses on the layout of texts, the size or shape of words and any other feature that is graphical or orthographical (Yeibo and Akerele 2014). of his language to give expression to his Lexicon in advertisements is special in that some words are shortened in a readable way to allure the public. The study adopted foregrounding as a. Punctuation marks - italics, - capital letters, - underlining foregrounding . <> Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. Stress, intonation, contractors and Stylistics in this research aims to show the language features used in the poem Mending Wall and find out how those features used to reveal the The primary focus here is foregrounding. resources as they are used in a given This study is limited to graphological level of linguistic stylistic analysis, for two obvious reasons: firstly, the research did not consider the other levels, for avoidance of deficiency and awkwardness, having studied six poetry collections; secondly, the research is not on General Stylistics which analyses nonliterary variety of language or registers. The The ultimate aim of carrying out a research is to develop knowledge. a study that relies heavily on the rules guiding the operation of the language in the explication of a literary text) is what we regard here as linguistic stylistics (2010:36). A branch of rhetoric in ancient Greece, eloctio was specially related to the relation between form (vorba) and content (res) and the characteristic features of literary language. Deixis -these, Do not sell or share my personal information. Research in second and foreign language studies and in pedagogical stylistics has increased immensely. In this article stylisticsanalysis of deviation . Text Analysis in Stylistics. It is an exercise in describing what use is made of language. Stylistics as a branch of literary criticism emerged in continental Europe in the early twentieth century. It is basically concerned with the understanding of technique or the craft of writing. Graphological Features Foregrounding is one predominant feature used in this paragraph by the speaker which is realized through a particular lexical item. In this respect, stylistics is interested in