[23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. [20] The majority of studies of the general population have also shown no association between serum or breast tissue levels of lindane and breast cancer. 89 0 obj <>stream (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. Transportation 49.172.101List of Marine Pollutants. Interpretation Response | PHMSA In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures to marine Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. Nausea. Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. Lindane Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. Vomiting. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. To explore the toxic effects of lindane and the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity, the animal model Caenorhabditis startxref Marine pollution Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence of the pesticide, Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. In humans, lindane primarily affects the nervous system, liver and kidneys, and may be a carcinogen and/or endocrine disruptor.[1][2]. [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. (4) For domestic transportation, a packaging marked prior to January 1, 2017 and in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life. Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. 0000000736 00000 n [1] For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. Refer for medical attention. The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . Inhalation risk WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. The most common reports to the FDA were "drug ineffective," followed by convulsions, dermatitis and dizziness. NRDC: When the Treatment is Toxic - Pesticides in Head However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gloves. Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. FDA-approved for the second-line treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs) and head lice. 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. Severe PIC (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Medical observation is indicated. WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). [25] In 2002, the EPA concluded that lindane agricultural products were eligible for re-registration given industry compliance with certain data and labeling requirements to mitigate occupational risks to workers. ];pGvZo~z8i##N7M3|cruvx}qLY^*PqoWU-;yr$z:9~sro?6N9iC0Y 6)?S9xwQ(elU[3+s]q-{ Chemical dangers The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate. It is also a recognised irritant. In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. Effects of short-term exposure Abstract. Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod Lindane To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. This requirement may be met by the marking displayed on a freight container or portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. DEA methoxycinnamate. 0000002475 00000 n [24] The Joint Committee on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of The World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations similarly concluded in 2004 that In the absence of genotoxicity and on the basis of the weight of the evidence from the studies of carcinogenicity, JMPR has concluded that lindane is not likely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.[21], The production and use of lindane in agricultural (both of which have declined significantly in the last 20 years) are the primary causes of environmental contamination,[25] and levels of lindane in the environment have waned in the U.S. from 1986 through 2003, consistent with decreasing agricultural usage patterns. (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) Your browser does not support JavaScript. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). WebSurface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources. [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. [29] Modern manufacturing standards for lindane involve the treatment and conversion of waste isomers to less toxic industrial chemicals, a process known as cracking.[26][29] Today, only a few production plants remain active worldwide to accommodate public health uses of lindane and declining agricultural needs. Toxicity of lindane induced by oxidative stress and intestinal The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. Further see Ingestion. Lindane, Hexachlorocyclohexane (Technical Grade), Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. Diarrhoea. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Sweep spilled substance into sealable non-metallic containers. Lindane - Wikipedia 0000003168 00000 n Lindane is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant, and its concentrated form persists in the aquatic environment. Carefully collect remainder. "[14], The most common side effects associated with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. 0 Gyceril PABA. The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. It is of particular concern because of Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. Lindane Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. Boiling point: 323C Melting point: 113C Density: 1.9 g/cmSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20C: 0.0007 (very poor)Vapour pressure, Pa at 20C: 0.0012 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 3.61 - 3.72. 0000003791 00000 n Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Lindane Bioremediation Capability Formula: C6H6Cl6 Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. %PDF-1.4 % If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Lindane persists in the environment and bioaccumulates as an organochlorine pesticide and can pose risks to ecological environments and human A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. Hexachlorocyclohexane WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. Long-term toxicity of lindane through oxidative stress and cell Lindane 104 22 0000047710 00000 n Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. (June 8, 2007 order). This article wants to briefly summarise the 0000001244 00000 n United Nations Environment Programme - POPs Routes of exposure To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. The other storms took place on November 4, 2021 and March 24, 2023. Transportation For example, a meta-analysis of studies looking at the association between occupational exposure to agricultural lindane and non-Hodgkins lymphona among U.S. farmers found that lindane was not a primary factor in the development of the disease. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. Refer for medical attention . xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. 0000004014 00000 n Physical State; Appearance Lindane (Ref: OMS 17) - University of Hertfordshire Dizziness. They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. Lindane People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE %PDF-1.6 % Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. [1] 0000000016 00000 n The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. Convulsions. However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, WebLindane Can Be Toxic to Humans Lindane, also known as g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH), is commonly used in shampoos and other topical treatments for head lice and The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. eCFR :: 49 CFR 172.322 -- Marine pollutants. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. 0000057176 00000 n 0000001466 00000 n [1] In 2003, the EPA reported on the results of large-scale water contaminant testing of 16,000 water systems serving 100 million people across the U.S. and found that none contained lindane levels above the maximum contaminant level standard considered safe. Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. 0000006227 00000 n Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. [3] It is presently banned in more than 50 countries, and is being considered for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, which would ban its production and use worldwide. It is highly toxic to fish and honeybees and moderately toxic to most WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices of De-Contamination Exchanged. The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. xref [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. Exposure to large amounts of lindane can negatively affect the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. (Note: These events represent the most common reported to the FDA and do not represent the most common events associated with the use of lindane lotion and lindane shampoo overall). In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. Tremor. $>. 125 0 obj <>stream [4] There is a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban its use in head lice products and limit its use on scabies, which had not passed as of September 2007. Sore throat. [30][31]The US FDA continues to maintain that lindane medications have necessary health benefits that outweigh potential risks and should remain available for patients with head lice, scabies and pubic lice (crabs) who have few treatment alternatives. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane 0000057076 00000 n 0000003215 00000 n Severe Marine Pollutants - ReadyGo Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Reacts with bases. Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. Not combustible. Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including chlorine (see ICSC 0126), hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) UN Classification (see also Regulatory Status). The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). 1997-2023 LUMITOS AG, All rights reserved, https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Lindane.html, Your browser is not current.