The reasons for such petty arguments about each others relative social status are unfortunate and are to be seen in the backdrop of colonial era, when the trading castes like Khatri and Baniya were preceived to be usurers and exploiters of the misery of indebted farmers from these landowning and agricultural castes . Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Dhanuk 542,651 1.5% (With inputs from The Hindu, The Wire, The Sunday Guardian, The Times of India, The Mandal Commission Report(1980), The Xaxa Committee Report (2014), The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, The Ministry of Tribal Affairs, The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, The National Commission for Scheduled Castes, and the National Crime Records Bureau. Try it here! Similarly, Kalals - who could be called both an artisan and a commercial caste- are a caste of distillers or liquor sellers and are also called Ahluwalia, an adoptive name derived from Sikh leader Jassa Singh Kalal's village which was called Ahlo. ", Copyright 2023 SikhNet, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Those protesting many of these violations of land use and welfare laws, are arrested, resulting in the law being perverted to oppress the already marginalised. This was the article under which the Mandal Commission was formed.t. While the initial recommendation of proportionate reservation would have mandated 52 percent reservation just for OBCs, this would have crossed the constitutionally mandated ceiling of no more than 50 percent. Guru Nanak's father Mahta Kalu was also a shopkeeper and he tried his best to make his son follow his caste profession of shopkeeping. Many theories are attributed to the origin of Jats but the most common view is that they are probably one of the late immigrants to the subcontinent who gradually got integrated into the lower echelons of Hindu society. Bangali 18,660 0.05% National Commission for Scheduled Castes,, Room No. Singh means lion while Kaur is a short form of Kanwar or princess. Parahiya (excluding Sonbhadra) 1,816 0.005% While Bhatias mostly did not even find a mention in recruitment manuals of Royal Indian Army, the Aroras were contemptuously dismissed with comments such as the following by the likes of Barstow : "The Arora, whether Sikh or Hindu, is generally unsuited for military service, and men of this class should never be enlisted except under special circumstances.". The Indian constitution, in Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,109 castes across 28 states in its First Schedule, while the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule. PDF Caste and Entrepreneurship in India - Harvard Business School For impactful stories you just cant miss, By subscribing you agree to our Privacy Policy. Sikhism is a separate religion propounded by Guru Nanak after debates with Hindu priests and Muslim clerics. Who are Scheduled Castes? The roots of Islamic caste system in India can be traced to the 14th century decree called "Fatwa-i-Jahandari" of Ziauddin Barani who was the official cleric of the Tughlaqs. While the caste system originally was for Hindus, nearly . In Pakistan Ranghars , Pathans and other upper caste Muslims use the word Jat in somewhat derogotary way and do not regard Muslim Jat as their equal. Mahtons hold a number of villages in Kapurthala, Jalandhar and also Hoshiarpur. This is hardly different from separate White and Black Churches in many parts of USA , although no Church openly admits to discrimination. They are also known for their industry and exceptional work-ethic. This procedure explains various ways to Obtain a Caste Certificate in Khanna. Apart from this, Article 46 of the Constitution also states that the State shall promote the educational and economic interests of weaker sections, namely Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.. This issue whether Sikhism abolished all forms of caste or merely the inequality inherent in its corrupted form has been debated extensively in the past and is unlikely to have a clear resolution in near future . This sentiment is altogether against the spirit of Sikhism but unfortunately does exist. In many other Indian regions like Mysore and Gujrat the term Khatri is synonymous with the caste of weavers or Julahas and sometimes also with the caste of tailors or Darjis. Those who belonged to one of the four major varnas are called Savarna. Bangali 18,660 0.05% Article 342 gives the President the power to notify those communities in specific regions that fall under the classification of Scheduled Tribes. For some inexplicable reason a low esteem continues to be attached to artisan trades requiring a high degree of skill and industry. In addition to their own sections, they have also the standard Brahmanical gotras ; but these have no influence upon marriage, and have clearly been borrowed, honoris ctium, from the Saraswat Brahmans who serve them as priests. Balai 1,014 0.002% Top 10 Richest Caste in India - Javatpoint Although the Scheduled Castes population according to the 2001 Census was 16.66 crores (16.23% of the total population), the allocations made through SCSP have been lower than the proportional population. "Who should I ask? A small section of this caste got settled in agriculture near Raja Sansi in Amritsar district and among them was born the great Maharaja. [2], Ramnami Samaj, Rohit, Samgar, Samagara, Satnami, Surjyabanshi, Surjyaramnami, Charmakar, Pardeshi Chamar, Badhik 9,018 0.01% During the earlier stages of Sikh militarization, the Sixth Guru and his successors tried their best to inspire Hindu Rajputs into performing their traditional function of defending the weak against oppression. This caste now has no semblance of former link with Rajputs and the Hindu Bhatias were in the past considered lower than Khatris and even Aroras, who as already pointed out, are purely trading castes equivalent to Baniyas found elsewhere in the country. A clear sign of this state of affairs to have existed was the complete absence of historical Hindu temples in Punjab which were demolished during Mughal rule. And what provisions does Indian law have for these communities? Seventeen regional offices of the Commissioner were established throughout the country. Were they descended from the same stock as the Rajputs, they must have had the same set of section-names, and it is difficult to see why they should have abandoned these for less distinguished patronymics. Amitabh Bachchan is half punjabi. There is majority of khatri, so I am proud to be a khatri . They also used to work as cooks in villages when they did not have sufficient land for ploughing. Commercial Castes: Arora, Khatri and Bhatia Sikhs. The ramifications of these Papal Bulls were felt until 1960s when many of the Americans Churches were still not fully desegregated and actively practiced discrimination against Christians of darker colour. Kanjar 93,207 0.3% Dhobi, Kanaoujiya, Diwakar, Baretha 2,684,212 16.01% However, the Xaxa Committee, which was constituted in 2013 to study the conditions of tribals and suggest policy initiatives for their upliftment, reported that the Government circumvents the Constitutional safeguards, and exploits tribals by notifying rural areas or potential scheduled areas as urban areas to keep them out of the scope of protection. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes explains: Further, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs also releases a list of 75 tribes that fall into the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups classification, from 18 states and UTs across the country. In 2003, the Constitution was again amended to divide the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes into two commissions: the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Baiswar 30,000 0.09% Bhuiya 18,055 0.05% The Centre set up a commission for Economically Backward Classes in 2004. Article 46 directs the state to work for the welfare and promotion of the interests of Scheduled Tribes, and to take steps to safeguard their interests. The Ministry carries out specific welfare initiatives for the protection of PVTGs, based on recommendations by the states, which are not extended to all Scheduled Tribes. [15] Some low-caste groups, such as those formerly called untouchables[17] who constitute modern-day Scheduled Castes, were considered outside the Varna system. Khanna Tehsil Population, Caste, Religion Data - Census India In urban area they also do shopkeeping. Jats are the biggest group in terms of numbers among Sikh castes. i am proud to be a jatni. Hence, these societies usually forge their community certificate as Hindus and practice Christianity or Islam afraid for their loss of reservation. I think yes . Upper caste Hindu converts such as Rajputs and Brahmins maintained their caste identities even after adopting Islam. Abstract The 'Dalits' (legally recognized as 'Scheduled Castes') and the 'Tribals' (legally recognized as 'Scheduled Tribes') are the most marginalized sections of Indian society. Mazhabi 3,664 0.01% The report states that this equates to roughly 9,040 OBC employees out of over 79,483 posts. Dusadh 237,181 0.7% Kharwar (excluding Benbansi) (excluding districts of Ballia, Ghazipur, Deoria, Varanasi and Sonbhadra) 119,248 0.3% Sansis have been denotified since Indian independence and have been rehabilitated, at least in the government records. 005, Ground Floor, CGO Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500 080 040-23734907(Fax), 23754908 Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Peradesh, Chhattisgarh) Alot of the established acting familys in the industry are Punjabi. Saharya excluding Lalitpur 60,238 0.2% Bhantu 8,184 0.02% In West Punjab , Pakistani society also has a number of castes. They are primarily expert carpenters and blacksmiths. Jat Sikh not Hindu because Jats are found in Hindus and Muslims also. Contact us National Commission for Scheduled Castes - NCSC California Senate is set to become the first US state legislature to consider a ban on caste based . It assures the establishment of Tribes Advisory Councils, with three-fourths representation from the tribes in the area, in states with Scheduled Tribes but without Scheduled Areas. Saharya excluding Lalitpur 60,238 0.2% I want to know it very anxiously. Their exceptional skill in these trades have earned them a good reputation as machinists. Caste and entrepreneurship in India - ResearchGate There was an initiative to replace the Commissioner with a committee in the 48th Amendment to the Constitution, changing Article 338. Jat Sikhs are known for their lively spirit and easy-going nature. There has existed a vibrant debate within the Sikh Panth on the issue of the caste since late 19th century. Article 243T promises the same proportionate reservation of seats in Municipalities. The Mandal Commission submitted its report in 1980. Sometimes people belonging to these castes are called "Bhapa Sikhs". In a recent interview with Brut India, the actress was questioned on the regressive content that has been ruling Indian . Gual 7,330 0.02% Why meritocracy matters for countries like India and China The word Chamar is derived from Charmakar or leather tanner. In 1920 there was 1 Khanna family living in Nebraska. All of the Sikh Gurus were born in Khatri caste. Patari (excluding Sonbhadra) 1,716 0.005% Badi 11,721 0.03% STOP CASTEISM IN BOLLYWOOD. Kushwaha (sometimes, Kushvaha) is a community of the Indo-Gangetic Plain that has traditionally been involved in agriculture, including beekeeping. A section of Khatri.. Khanne Khanna caste is one of the many castes subcastes of India. Suresh Khanna(HT Photo) Khanna, a bachelor and Khatri by caste, has seen it all from the Ram temple wave of the 1990s to the Modi wave that led to the BJP's unprecedented sweep. [11], Since the independence of India, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were given Reservation status, guaranteeing political representation, preference in promotion, quota in universities, free and stipended education, scholarships, banking services, various government schemes and the Constitution lays down the general principles of positive discrimination for SCs and STs. [8][9] The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,108 castes across 28 states in its First Schedule,[10] and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule. Caste and Entrepreneurship in India : | Economic and Political Weekly As a result, the Commission recommended a reservation of half that percentage, 27 percent, in addition to the existing 22 percent reservation for Scheduled Castes and Tribes. Apply In-Person. Pub. Famous Indian freedom fighter and martyr Sardar Udham Singh was a Kamboh. Lalbegi 299 0.0009% The scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are significantly under-represented in the ownership of enterprises and the share of the workforce mployed by them. Baiswar 30,000 0.09% Balmiki 11,66,383 1.3% They were the dominant commercial and financial administration class of Late-Medieval India, some in Punjab often belonged to hereditary agriculturalist land-holding . These lower caste Muslims also later invented the tales of foreign origin to escape discrimination from the upper caste Muslims. J.N. Most of the castes like Kalal, Tarkhan, Jheer, Suniyara, etc who changed their titles have done so for upward social mobility or to escape discrimination which unfortunately continues to exist despite dissemination of Sikh ideas of equality. The Jains have the highest prevalence of 94.1 percent in our country India. They claim origin from Bhati Rajputs and were enlisted as a criminal tribe by the British. Ramgarhia is also a prominent Sikh caste. Beriya 27,187 0.08% Kol 331,374 4.5% Any layperson or author giving a clearly ordered Sikh caste hierarchy is himself mistaken or is purposefully misleading others. Vivek Kumar, Professor of Sociology, Centre for the Study of Social System, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, The National Commission for Backward Classes. In order to apply for caste certificate, applicant has to go to the respective Block office / Sewa Kendra's. Link for the office contact details: processing office list and link; Application form can be obtained from the office while applicant visits. Its duties also include investigating complaints and participating in the planning process for the socio-economic development of members of Scheduled Caste communities, while having all the powers of a civil court during the process. Before the partition of Punjab, Khatris were largely concetrated in West Punjab where, according to English writer Barstow, they were employed in a rather humble way by Pathans as their accountants. An Analysis of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - SSRN Mohyals are one of the Brahmin groups of Punjab who in earlier era also used to be Sikhs in good numbers. Parahiya (excluding Sonbhadra) 1,816 0.005% degree and a degree in Master of Laws. Scheduled Tribes. There are some Sikhs who believe that caste should not exist in any form and all marks of caste identity should be abolished which should lead to fusion of all castes into one temporal and spiritual body called the Khalsa. Who Are the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, OBCs and EBCs? - TheQuint Each caste has its sphere of influence and specialization. Hina Khan Steals The Show At Cannes 2022 - CNN-News18 Some poor men and women of this caste also work as laborers in the farms of traditional landowning castes like Jat, Mahton, Saini, etc. Article 243D provides for reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Panchayats in the same proportion as the population of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes in the village. Musahar 206,594 0.6% Corp., 1985, Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province, p 90, 91, A. Punjab's dalit conundrum: A look into Sikhs' caste identity According to McLeod, the present day Ramgarhias are a caste formed by merging of Nais (barbers), Raj (blacksmiths) and Tarkhans (carpenters). Initially, they were recruited only for menial jobs. Dom 110,353 0.3% Devgan are lohar. Significance of Singh and Kaur Titles in Sikhism. Actor Dara Singh Caste and Religion: Jat, Hindu. Kori 22,93,937 12.07% Another writer of English era added that 'the 'Khatris are traders in Punjab, and silk-weavers, when we find them in Bombay.' Some speculate that the word Khatri is derived from the word "Khata" . These Punjabis are very shrewd and keep abusing Bihar and UP and MP. Hans raj Hans mirasi nahi.. Majbhi Sikh hai.. Kaler kanth mirasi nai Ravidasia hai. Ghasiya 3,984 0.011% Please note there are also Agarwal Baniyas in Punjab too but they are almost 100% Hindu. National Commission for Scheduled Castes gets chairman A former Union Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment and ex-BJP MP, Vijay Sampla, on Wednesday took charge as chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), a post . Khanne Khanna Caste Definition - Desi Times - DesiGoogly In 1990, Article 338 was amended for the National Commission for SCs and STs with the Constitution (Sixty fifth Amendment) Bill, 1990. It could be that Arora caste which came under patronage of Pathans and Khokhars in NWFP and upper western Punjab as their accountants came to be called "Khatri" because of maintaining "Khatas" or accounting books of their patrons. Dalit IAS officer used to think caste bias was a myth. Now - ThePrint TNPSC HUMAN RIGHTS, SCHEDULED CASTE PEOPLE RIGHTS, FOR CONTACT .7867945526, 8148971824,,9940170028 .VIDHAIGAL STUDY CENTRE . [20], In 1935, the UK Parliament passed the Government of India Act 1935, designed to give Indian provinces greater self-rule and set up a national federal structure. Hari 1,719 0.005% Jagmohan Singh Raju | YouTube. However, the effectiveness of its implementation is questionable. Khatri - Wikipedia The Government signs MoUs with companies for the land, making Government officials dealers and negotiators of tribal land, forgetting the concept of neutrality of State, and even actively violating the rights of the tribals. The decree introduced a formal division of Ashraf and Ajlaf in the Muslim society of India. False information given Amitabh bachchan is Srivastav and he is kayashtha . Article 341 of the Constitution gives the President the power to notify which castes in the country, and in specific states, come under the category of Scheduled Castes. The 2011 Census places the number of scheduled castes in India at 16.6 percent of the total population, or approximately 166,635,700 people. Pasi, Rawat, Rajpasi, Baurasi, Kaithwas, Gujjar, Paswan, Tarmali 55,97,002 16.0% He wrote in 'The tribes and castes of Bengal' : "It seems to me that the internal organization of the caste furnishes almost conclusive proof that they are descended from neither Brahmans nor KshatriyasThe section-names of the Khatris belong to quite a different type, and rather resemble those in vogue among the Oswals and Agarwals. U said for Ajay Devgan = Saraswat Brahman & for Veeru Devgan = Lohar. Musahar 206,594 0.6% Bawariya 6,054 0.02% Due to the spread of Christianity and Islam among schedule caste community converted are not protected as castes under Indian Reservation policy. List of Scheduled Castes in Jammu and Kashmir, Distribution of Scheduled Castes by District in Uttar Pradesh, List of Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Scheduled_Castes&oldid=1152286094, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Dharkar 94,610 0.3% Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Khanna surname lived. The same opinion is stated by L.M. In their opinion Sikh Gurus were above caste and cannot be thus claimed by any particular group. Dashrath Sharma, an eminent historian, has described this caste as probably a "pratiloma" or ritually inferior mixed caste created through union of Kshatriya fathers and brahmin mothers. Human Rights Violation Against Scheduled Caste in India - SSRN The status of Jat outside Punjab is somewhat low and some scholars say that they were actually considered Shudra caste until very recently. As stated before, sphere of Khatri and Arora influence in Punjab is the urban centres where they dominate the shopkeeping profession. So the view popularized in colonial era , and a view espoused by the Marxist historians who seized the historical narrative since then, that conversions to Islam, and later to Christianity, happened because of the desire of the low caste Indian natives to escape discrimination is inter alia not fully informed by actual sociological evidence on the ground. Actor David Dhawan Caste and Religion: Khatri / Arora, Hindu. Another caste within Sikhs worth mentioning is that of Sansis. Kapariya 14,300 0.04% The complete list of castes and tribes was made via two orders: The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950[21] and The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950,[22] respectively. Largely , this term was reserved for converts to Islam from occupational castes such as Darzi (tailors), Hajjam or Nai (barber), Julaha (Weaver) , etc although the upper caste Hindu converts were also subsumed in the same category. Apart from the fundamental rights under Articles 15, 16 and others which assure non-discrimination on the basis of caste, gender, race, religion, or place of birth, the other provisions protecting the fundamental rights of Scheduled Tribes are as follows. Scheduled caste communities were considered avarna, or outside the existing varna system. Dhanuk 542,651 1.5% The caste system has existed in some form in India for at least 3,000 years. Out of these 35 judges, there are 3 women judges, the highest so far. Among these three Mahton and Sainis are of Rajput origin, while Kamboh claim origin from Kambojas mentioned in Mahabharata. What caste is Anand? All the Ten Sikh Gurus were Khatri. The Commissions duty is to monitor the safeguards provided for Scheduled Castes in the Constitution or any other law. Theological basis of Slavery in Christianity. Islamic Caste System in Indian Sub Continent. As a Vaishya, Sikh is meant to engage in commerce with honesty and work for the prosperity of the society. Official designations given to various groups of indigenous people in India, Government initiative to improve the situation of SCs and STs, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, Census of India 2011, Primary Census Abstract, "Scheduled Caste Welfare List of Scheduled Castes", "Scheduled Communities: A social Development profile of SC/ST's (Bihar, Jharkhand & West Bengal)", "Why Dalits want to hold on to Dalit, not Harijan, not SC", Union minister: Stick to SC, avoid the term 'Dalit', "Half of India's dalit population lives in 4 states", "Reserved uncertainty or deserved certainty? [1] He holds a B.Sc. Out of these Jats were the largest in numbers which only reflected their numerical majority in Sikh society. Iyer, Khanna and Varshney (2013) have shown that marginalized castes like Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) are underrepresented in ownership of enterprises relative to other. In rural areas their primary patrons were landowning castes like Jat, Mahton, Saini, etc who needed their services as makers of agricultural implements and also weapons. As Kshatriya, the Sikh is meant to carry weapons and not shy away from a just fight. [30] The first commission under the 65th Amendment was constituted in March 1992, replacing the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and the commission established by the Ministry of Welfare's Resolution of 1989. ", "Need some advice or direction today? Actor Celina Jaitley Caste and Religion: Khatri / Arora, Hindu. Beriya 27,187 0.08% He did his schooling at the same school where the noted Indian actors Naseeruddin Shah and Shakti Kapoor studied. This is a list of Scheduled castes in India. In the original Constitution, Article 338 provided for a special officer (the Commissioner for SCs and STs) responsible for monitoring the implementation of constitutional and legislative safeguards for SCs and STs and reporting to the president. As noted before Jats are numerically the most significant Sikh castes. I like the innocence yet tough actors Dharmendra, Sunny Deol & Bobby Deol. Some say that Guru Gobind Singh did not abolish caste system within Sikhs but merely implied equality of all castes. Jat Sikhs are also now very well educated and they have taken up various professions besides agriculture, which is their signature trade. Clause 2 of the article adds: The above article seeks to check the social isolation and restrictions from visiting common public places that Scheduled Castes were often historically, and I daresay, still are, subjected to across India. Barwar 13,326 0.04% Barwar 13,326 0.04% In the ancient India such mixed castes such as Khatris were regarded as "'varnasankara" and were denied the respectability extended to the well-born and ritually pure Kshatriyas and Brahmins. Do you want to know what is the religion and caste of your favorite Bollywood actor? Balmiki 11,66,383 1.3% Because the truth is worth it.). Turahiya 28,055 0.08, Badhik 9,018 0.01% Some say that they are the descendants of Shudra fathers and Kshatriya mothers. Khatris are said to have a peculiar custom termed as "Hansa Tamasha" whereby when an old man dies , all members of the decesased family put on masks, sing and play, and sometimes indulge in obscene songs. Article 338 establishes the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes. Articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution which are applicable to members of Scheduled Caste communities, apply to members of the Other Backward Class communities as well. The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act was implemented in 2013, to end the primarily caste-based employment of people for manual scavenging, which involves entering pits, latrines, drains and ditches to handle and clean waste, often including raw excreta. Sikhism & Castes | SikhNet Kori 22,93,937 12.07% But at the outset one thing can be confidently stated which is that there is no clearly defined caste hierarchy in Sikh society, leave alone a vertically ordered one. Only marginalised Hindu communities can be deemed Scheduled Castes in India, according to The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950. Bawariya 6,054 0.02% The report adds that 40 ministries, including the Ministry of Social Justice, held back the information which was sought under the RTI act by Chennai-based professor, E Muralidharan. . They say that since none of the Gurus or their family members married outside the Khatri, or the trading caste, it is a proof positive that the Gurus meant to abolish inequality inherent in caste system but not necessarily the caste itself. Gond (excluding Maharajganj, Siddharth Nagar, Basti, Gorakhpur, Deoria, Azamgarh, Mau, Jaunpur, Ballia, Ghazipur, Varanasi, Mirzapur and Sonbhadra) 443,457 1.3% Bhatias claim origin from Bhati Rajputs who had taken to shopkeeping. Manu Smriti gives the name of a caste of this composition as "Kshaatri" instead of "Kshatriya". Your email address will not be published. Vipin Khanna, Indian businessman and retired Indian Army officer Kapariya 14,300 0.04% Shilpkar 24,757 0.07%, Turahiya 28,055 0.08 etc..mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}.
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