Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to judge other cultures on Ethnocentrism occurs when one believes that their own cultural group is superior to others. Multiple Choice Sarah believes that her opinions and interests are superior to that of her siblings. b. Hes painted as a fool for his statement, and the movie subtly indicates a Jewish ethnocentrism. c. civil disobedience. Which of the following theories best explains this scenario? Promotes understanding and appreciation of different cultures, and can reduce conflict between them. Chinese American, According to symbolic interactionists, when individuals meet someone who does not conform to their existing stereotype, they frequently __________. c. answer choices A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood. To a lesser extent, this same debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals. d. Internal colonialism, Sociologists emphasize that race is __________. Privacy Policy. For example, some people who move to the United States might have dreamed of fleeing their homeland to the USA since childhood because theyve loved the concept of freedom, small government, and capitalism. See xenocentrism examples. On the one hand, xenocentrism is beneficial insofar as it supports the world's economy and the cultural diffusion of diverse ideas and goods spread through the process of globalization. c. Ethnocentrism is a word used to describe the cultural or ethnic biaswhether conscious or unconsciousby which an individual perceives the world through the perspective of . The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare portrays an intense disagreement between the Jewish character Shylock and the Christian character Antonio. This will often lead people to believe that they dont have an accent. I feel like its a lifeline. People would say your accent is so funny! and I would say no, your accent is funny!. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00907.x, https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v20i2.7401. Plenty of Europeans might feel like its very normal for women to wear bikinis at the beach. Research Methodology Scientific Processes, BSc (Hons), Psychology, MSc, Psychology of Education. Create your account. Relationships the differences in family, romantic relationships, and friendships that are influenced by culture. exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet scapegoating Some would argue thats whats going on with the country's involvement in the Middle East. a. social protest. Essentially, xenocentrism is the opposite of ethnocentrism. The theory of racial formation Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. Despite the fact that cultural relativism promotes the appreciation for cultural differences, it can also be problematic. c. Parents would still come to the schools and camp out the front to be closer to their children, leading to a visitation pass system designed to further separate parents from their children. Myself and the people I was talking to saw accents from their own perspective. Japanese Americans It is thought to occur largely because people have the greatest understanding of their own culture, leading them to believe that the norms and standards of their own culture are universally adopted. It is has shown that Pandora is filled with a wide diversity of life forms ranging from bright coloured plants blooming beautifully and plants that glows in the dark at night as well as living creatures although resembles many common animals like rhinos and monkeys, still have many unique and unknown features unfamiliar to the main character. In order to avoid conflict over culture practices and beliefs, we must all try to be more culturally relative. Questions and Answers for [Solved] Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism? To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Every individual is influenced by ethnocentrism to some degree. Swatting Cultural Relativism Overview & Examples | What is Cultural Relativism? Log in Join. Political Psychology,33, 887-909.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00907.x, Permatasari, R. (2019). The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Provide a short answer that makes a clear claim regarding their example of popular culture. Ethnocentrism is a word used to describe the cultural or ethnic biaswhether conscious or unconsciousby which an individual perceives the world through the perspective of his or her own group, defining the in-group as archetypal and judging all other groups in comparison to this ideal. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Thus, when using Western-designed intelligence tests in non-western countries, there is likely to be a bias in the results since the test measures something from the benchmark of different cultural experiences. This can lead to ethnocentrism if those outside of the West score significantly lower on intelligence scores, leading to the West having the misconception that non-western countries are less intelligent. equalitarian pluralism Furthermore, xenocentrism supports cultural diffusion, or the spread of cultures, which is important for people to develop a deeper understanding and acceptance of diverse ethnic groups. Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. This process will create the tendency of in-group favoritism or bias, as we are likely to favor our own culture and thus accept the cultural practices of our own culture as opposed to that of the other. They will travel to Quebec and expect Quebecers to speak English to them, even though their local language is French. unlike Persian Americans, Iranian Americans speak Farsi and, therefore, suffer de facto segregation. Unlike in ethnic groups, the membership of an individual to a racial group is ascribed from birth. If you tickle us, do we not laugh? Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. case-by-case Unlike ethnic groups, racial groups share a sense of territoriality. Hasa. Furthermore, it is the belief that other cultures are no better or worse than ones own but are equally valid despite their differences. These are simply two different ways of understanding the meaning of holding hands. For example, you might meet an American who insists French culture is better than the American way of living. chapter nine sociology Flashcards | Quizlet Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you , and Zimbardos) used only white American males in their samples. The American government educated Native American children in American-style boarding schools. This desire can include a preference for foreign goods, ideas, and styles, among other aspects of culture. History, Culture & People of the Americas, Foundations of Education: Help and Review, Instructional Strategies for Teachers: Help & Review, MTTC Social Studies (Secondary) (084) Prep, Social Science 108: Ethics in the Social Sciences, Create an account to start this course today. Examples of Ethnocentrism 1. 25 chapters | Contemporary sociologists would term whites in the United States with northern European ancestry (often referred to as European Americans, white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, or WASPs) as the, A category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes, is referred to as a(n) __________. Folkways: A study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals. It's common for people to believe that what they don't have is somehow better, in other words, that "the grass is always greener on the other side." This gave Europeans cover so they could invade the lands of Aboriginal populations. ignore the person completely c. In this example, again, both cultures may use an ethnocentric lens to look at the other culture. of the perceived negativity associated with the political history of the country of Iran. Tags: Question 36 . However, Western cultures may have a different idea of what qualifies as intelligence compared to other cultures. Rio Hondo College . Still, it's important for people to develop cross-cultural relationships that support the exchanging of ideas and goods with respect and reciprocity. is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. The idea behind American exceptionalism is that Americas founding (based on its constitution, and the fact the nation was founded as a free and anti-elite republic) gave America a special place in the world. Cite this Article in your Essay (APA Style), Privacy PolicyTerms and ConditionsDisclaimerAccessibility StatementVideo Transcripts. Cultural relativism tries to counter ethnocentrism by promoting the understanding of cultural practices that are unfamiliar to other cultures such as eating insects, genocides or genital cutting. Xenocentrism occurs when one has a preference for a foreign culture's goods, ideas, styles, and traditions over their own culture. For traditional Peruvian cultures, Guinea Pigs are animals to be eaten! Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. In England, by contrast, holding hands is largely limited to romantically involved couples, and often suggests a sexual relationship. Researchers can also use input from people from different cultures to discuss any potential methodology flaws which can lead to cultural bias. Unit 3 Test for Midterm | Other Quiz - Quizizz d. funeral tradition includes bringing bodies out from tombs once every seven years, wrapping them in cloth, and dancing with them. Ultimately, it is important for people to develop cross-cultural relationships that allow them to learn from and appreciate the knowledge and traditions of other cultures, and to exchange ideas and goods with respect and reciprocity. Ethnic pluralism When we talk about Western values, we find that the culture of eating with knives, forks, and spoons seem to have come from the West. Many Iranian Americans refer to themselves as "Persian" rather than "Iranian" because a. Ethnocentric people think the ways they do things is the way things should be done, and every other cultures way of doing things is unsavory or undesirable. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors. For example, in 2014, China attempted to crack down on the celebration of Ramadan in the Muslim region of Xinjiang. They will have a narrow-minded outlook that fails to see things from other peoples perspectives (often manifesting itself as cultural blindness). Your email address will not be published. After the lands were invaded, local cultures were oppressed and people were told that the must live, dress, eat, and act like Westerners. Recognizes that each culture has its own unique standards and values that should be understood and respected. Antony owned a restaurant in the United States in the 1950s. Possessiveness is reflected in the way a child learns the difference between his toys and those that do not belong to him. Understanding cultural relativism in a multicultural world. c. Ethnocentrism Examples in History and Today | YourDictionary The client insists that the nurse bring warm blankets because they will help the client to recover more quickly. European Renaissance artists desired to emulate ancient Greek artwork. However, cultural relativism can also be negative when people avoid taking a stand against oppressive cultural traditions, such as female genital mutilation. Ethnocentrism can lead to negative attitudes and behaviors towards those who are perceived as different and can contribute to conflicts and misunderstandings between different cultural groups. However, in other cultures, motor skills are less relevant to intelligent behaviors, and the culture instead values vast knowledge on a range of topics, such as intelligence instead. b. One of the most well-known and horrific examples of ethnocentrism pertains to Nazi Germany. This is a topic that verges on ethnocentrism but does not always reach that level. Emotions do all people experience emotions the same way? Part of ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own. By understanding what could have been cultural bias, researchers have increased their understanding of the impact of culture, cultural differences, and culture-specific behaviors. Such xenocentric marketing justifies the upcharge needed for importation, which allows businesses to still make a profit. a. She was raised by strict Jewish parents, went off to college, and then married a nice Jewish boy. Which of the following comprises the largest Asian American group in the United States? The stated goal was to assimilate the first nations children into white Canadian culture. To counter this trend, the Japanese are buying low-calorie, low-fat foods to help shed excess weight and are flocking to health clubs. When you grow up only hearing one accent, it starts to feel like that accent is normal and not an accent at all. It involves evaluating other cultures and ethnic groups based on the standards and values of one's own group and viewing them as inferior or less important. Cultural groups may be less likely to help each other in times of need and may only seek to preserve the people in their own group whom they consider more important. However, if we get go too far the other way, we end up being cultural relativists with no moral framework guiding us at all. The belief that ones own cultural or ethnic group is superior to others. Explore xenocentrism. They are able to have contact with people from all across the globe as well as being able to hold talks and conferences where researchers from different cultures can meet to discuss ideas. b. Which of the following terms describes the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society? Christopher, J. C., & Hickinbottom, S. (2008). Assimilation. But many Asian cultures where chopsticks are the norm may have opposite views. He understands that an individual's poverty status is the result of larger economic situations and unemployment rates in the local community rather than the individual's personal problem. In psychology, ethnocentric behavior can occur when a researcher conducts a study in a particular culture and then states in their findings that their results can be generalized to all cultures. As these studies were conducted a long time ago, you may expect that psychological research is more culturally diverse now. Some people view this practice disrespectful to the body of the deceased person. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 The opposite of this is xenocentrism, where you believe another culture is better than your own. The Italians were the first white ethnic immigrants to enter the United States. Which of the following is a reason for the relatively high average household income of Filipino American families? That's not to say that the desire to move away from one's own country is unwarranted, as this idolization of American culture can often be the result of people suffering under the rule of oppressive governments. An example of this is when the United States Army used IQ tests on individuals before World War I, which was biased towards white American ideas of intelligence. succeed. Ethnocentrism occurs when a researcher assumes that their own culturally specific practices or ideas are natural or right., The individual uses their own ethnic group to evaluate and judge other individuals from other ethnic groups. Ethnocentrism Examples | What is Ethnocentrism? Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. And of course, they also want their children to marry within the Greek community. What is Directed Cultural Change? References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocentrism In most of the 20th Century (Between 1905 and 1970), Aboriginal Australian children were frequently taken from their families and placed under the care of Anglo-Australians in a systematic effort to suppress Aboriginal cultures, with the belief that the dominant Anglo-Australian culture was superior. Afrocentrism is an example of this, which suggests that theories of people with African heritage must recognize the African context of behaviors and attitudes. Identify a true statement about white ethnic Americans. Furthermore, Michelle's father makes the mistake of toasting to his soon-to-be in-laws with hopes that theyll sit many happy shivas together. We can see many examples of ethnocentrism in T.V. E.g. Ethnocentrism can lead to people being more close-minded to how other people live, almost as if they are living in a bubble of their own culture. Select one: a. the social identity theory b. the realistic conflict theory c. the social exchange theory d. the self-perception theory Social behavior understanding how cultural norms and expectations have an effect on social behavior. Cultural relativism is the practice of viewing foreign cultures or nations from their unique standards and perspectives. Many practices have drawn criticism over the years. c. Racial stratification Residential schools were set up in 1828, and while most were closed in the 1960s, the last one closed in 1997. Below is a great clip of Karl eating some Egyptian delicacies. Specifically, ethnocentrism in research could result in negative consequences if the materials used for research are produced with one culture in mind. Only Latino men are affected by institutional racism in the United States. Multiple Choice Estavan faces an ethical dilemma as he must decide whether or not to hire his underqualified cousin. In all these instances, youre considering yourself and your culture to be the best compared to all others. Irish Americans Which scenario best exemplifies the etic approach? Its the belief that ones ethnic group is superior to another. is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture. Likewise, when researchers apply their theory to another culture, and the results differ from what was the norm in their culture, they state that there is something wrong with that culture. A person practicing xenocentrism assumes that foreign cultures are superior to their own, and thus values the goods, styles, ideas, and traditions, among other aspects of foreign cultures, more than that of their own culture. Expert Help. In this scenario, this European country can be said to have __________. Is. Shylock's point is that, despite the cultural differences, we are all still human. Ethnocentrism is sometimes functional. This comes in stark contrast to xenocentrism - the belief that someone else's culture is superior to their own. Indochinese Americans What are the disadvantages of ethnocentrism? Comparing Cultural Evolution & Cultural Relativism. This approach matters because it has led to the emergence of theories that are more relevant to the lives and cultures of people not only in Africa but also those far removed from their African origins. The Negative Effects of Ethnocentrism in My Big Fat Greek Wedding Movie. However, youll see in these examples of ethnocentrism that the practice is not only absurd, but potentially fatal. However, the results from other cultures were very different. They arrived early in the nineteenth century. Take for example, the common practice of same-sex friends in India walking in public while holding hands. Ainsworths classic study of The Strange Situation (1970) is an example of ethnocentric research. This is a common criticism that Quebecois Canadians have of English-speaking Canadians. Required fields are marked *, This Article was Last Expert Reviewed on March 18, 2023 by Chris Drew, PhD. There are many common examples of xenocentrism that can be witnessed in daily life, such as The belief that French wines and cheeses are superior to all other wines and cheeses, The insistence that. Ethnocentrism often leads to incorrect assumptions about others behavior based on your own norms, values, and beliefs. Likely, many westerners would consider chopsticks to be a strange tool for eating. This would be achieved by removing children from their parents. biological assimilation This can reinforce the in-group/out-group mentality. The conflict perspective Which of the following racial or ethnic groups has been the most privileged racial or ethnic group in the United States? b. Habits such as using the spoon even while eating rice are a western influence, in India rice is eaten with hands, thus anyone belonging to India would consider this the way to eat rice. The Spanish Inquisition is one of the most extreme examples of religious ethnocentrism that has occurred in human history. In Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character, Janie Starks, is a light-skinned black woman. He did not feel negatively toward African Americans but refused to serve them in his restaurant because he feared that serving them would offend his white customers. Islam Protestantism Buddhism Catholicism Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism? For example, many Americans might thing Peruvians eating Guinea Pig to be disgusting. In the context of the historical experiences of Native Americans in the United States, this "Trail of Tears" was an intentional act of __________. Natalie is highly tolerant toward different cultures and enjoys learning different languages. Japanese Americans Such a belief develops out of socialization, which provides us the knowledge of the existence of different cultures, and that of our own, what these cultures entail, what is normal, what is different, what is right or what is wrong. Ethnocentrism leads to the formation of feelings of us and them creating and enforcing the ideas of an in-group and an out-group, where the former will refer to the people of ones own culture, and the latter to the people of another culture. Many of us arrogantly believe that everyone should speak English to us, no matter where we are in the world. xenocentrism Thats when your brain tells you that something sounds funny. a. But some of us do, showing how we think our way of doing things is the right and natural approach, and other peoples approaches are naturally inferior. It involves evaluating other cultures and ethnic groups based on the standards and values of ones own group and viewing them as inferior or less important. This can lead to ethnocentrism when we roll our eyes are people who arent bilingual, even when were in their own country! Taking a look at ethnocentrism helps us to identify our own biases and blind spots. But as the Egyptian man in this clip says, its natural to them. For instance, when the US is marketed as being "the land of opportunity" with "golden streets", people outside of the US may neglect the needs of their own country in favor of living an American lifestyle or immigrating to the US. This theory was then generalized to other cultures so that what was considered the behavior of securely attached children in America should be what all children in other cultures should behave to be considered securely attached. Filipino Americans Antonio constantly scorns Shylock for being a Jew, which ultimately culminates in one of the most famous speeches of all time where Shylock asks: "If you prick us, do we not bleed? They live primarily in the southwestern region of the United States. Most of them have been employed in the high-wage sector of the service economy. She also has a bachelor's in psychology from the University of Illinois. promoting inequalitarian pluralism among members of the dominant group. When other cultures are observed to differ from the researchers own, they may be regarded negatively, e.g., primitive, degenerate, unsophisticated, undeveloped, etc. Affirmative action And while many of us might say Its a womans right to decide what she wears and we should respect her no matter what, different cultures have various views on this! Positive psychology, ethnocentrism, and the disguised ideology of individualism. This is why you will see US citizens heading to the French wine sections in grocery stores, for American wine isn't thought of as famous or exclusive. The goal is to look at both universal and unique behaviors to establish the ways in which culture has an influence on behavior, relationships, education, etc. course hero.docx - _ refers to the way individuals define This study was developed to assess the attachment types of infants the sample in this study used all American infants. I will often show my students clips from An Idiot Abroad because its so full of examples of ethnocentrism! The film shows a Greek family living in the United States who are very proud of their Greek heritage. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device.
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