10 0 obj much debate continues in the us as to whether it constitutes an appropriate punishment. Explains that the united states, china, iran and saudi arabia account for over 80% of the executions recorded by amnesty international. <>stream A Juvenile is a term that can be used to refer to a child, minor, or young adult. Pinderhughes EE, Dodge KA, Bates JE, Pettit GS, Zelli A. J Fam Psychol. 0000005766 00000 n The Children Act in 1908 created a special justice system for juvenile offendersthe Juvenile Court (renamed Youth Court in 1991), intended to handle both criminal and noncriminal cases. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The following are the hierarchy of courts in Nigeria: It is provided for under Section 230 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). 0000001015 00000 n Correctional Education. Mr. Justice Nwali Sylvester Ngwuta About Nwali Sylvester Ngwuta CFR. <>stream scheidegger states numerous examples of people spending up to 20 years on death row repeatedly filing redundant appeals to state and federal judges. Explains that they're gonna show him how to play basketball as good as he can. 31 0 obj Transfer of Juvenile Cases to Criminal Court. It is provided for under Section 277 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). Opines that the death penalty is not the best way to ensure public safety. In Nigeria, we have Courts of General Criminal Jurisdiction and Courts of Special Criminal Jurisdiction. Juvenile correctional institutions in Nigeria include the juvenile courts, borstal centres, approved schools and remand home. Many death penalty proponents feel Its stated purpose is "to make provision for the welfare of the young and the treatment of young offenders and for the establishment of juvenile courts. (Okagbue, 2000). Explains haag, ernest van den, "the ultimate punishment: a defense". Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. show more content, Juvenile justice administration in Nigeria suffers from several inadequacies: legal, policy, planning, implementation, education and research (Alemika & Chukwuma, 2001). 12 0 obj A comprehensive definition of Juvenile delinquency refers to any criminal offense done by a person classified as a juvenile but which, if committed by an adult, would be considered a crime or criminal conduct. Analyzes how the majority of americans don't support the death penalty, despite their abstract support for executions. R Explains that the children and young persons act ii is the major piece of legislation dealing with matters affecting children and young persons in nigeria. prisoners under death sentence. Describes the us embassy in france's "death penalty in the united states". there are only twelve states which do not have the death penalty. WebToggle Juvenile sex crimes subsection 7.1Prevalence data 7.2Official record data 7.3Males who commit sexual crimes 7.4Juvenile sex crimes internationally 8By country Toggle By country subsection 8.1United Kingdom 8.2Canada 8.3Northern Europe 8.4United States 8.5Brazil 9See also 10References 11Further reading 12External links Opines that the death penalty legitimizes an irreversible act of violence by the state and has inevitably claimed innocent victims. It has the original jurisdiction to determine and hear any matter as to whether anyone has been effectively voted for the positions of President, Vice President, Governor and Deputy Governor. R endobj Juvenile JUVENILE SENTENCING IN NIGERIA AND THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK Narrates how prisoners in 35 turkish prisons went on a hunger strike in june 1996. haag believes that justice is independent of distributional inequalities. endobj endobj R Nigeria has not adopted certain for criminal responsibility. 0000006093 00000 n Nearly all offenses committed by children are tried in youth courts, though the courts are not bound to deal with extremely serious offenses such as robbery or rape. This combination of two different roles in the youth court was a source of difficulty and controversy for many years, particularly because the court in its criminal jurisdiction was required by law to have regard to the welfare of the child or young person and, if satisfied that it was necessary to do so, remove the youth from unsatisfactory surroundings for his own good, irrespective of the gravity of the offense. Describes the legality of killing people by the state. Each of the State High Court is headed by a Chief Judge. Narrates how police had told him that signing it would be to his benefit. (2007). Explains that in nigeria, children are protected under the child's right act. Early jails were mostly dark, overcrowded, and filthy. Washburn JJ, Teplin LA, Voss LS, Simon CD, Abram KM, McClelland GM. Office of Childrens Issues both sides seem to be able to crunch the numbers and make strong, if somewhat wrong, arguments. the andrea yates case: family to family. <>stream It is chaired by a judge whose title is: President of the State / FCT Customary Appeal Court and is assisted by other judges. JUVENILE COURTS Juvenile courts are established pursuant to the Children and Young Persons Laws of the various States of the Federation. Explains that the current death penalty statutes in the united states violate contemporary standards of decency and various international treaties, because they allow the execution of the mentally disabled and minors. Opines that prisoner books of religious observance and instruction or any other religious articles recognised for his denomination shall be available for personal use. young and old, the convicted and unconvicted, or the sane and insane. Analyzes amnesty international's "facts and figures on the death penalty.". Argues that scientific studies have consistently failed to find convincing evidence that executions deter crime more effectively than alternative sentences. There are sixty-eight juveniles sitting on death row for crimes committed as juveniles. The court is established by the House of Assembly. endobj Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. only 4% believe that a person convicted of first-degree murder will spend his life in prison. In the cases that it is not reported to the police, it usually directed at family members and neighbors. x+ | Legal systems in Nigeria: overview | Practical Law <>>> 25 0 obj Author of, Professor of Sociology, Vanderbilt University. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Opines that the united states is one of the few countries in the world that executes juvenile offenders. Opines that execution saves innocents. The Children and Young Persons Act 2 is the major piece of legislation dealing with matters affecting children and young persons in Nigeria. Describes the crimes reported by the police: homicide. mandatory death penalty was deemed unconstitutional because of woodson v. north carolina. In essence, the Children and Young Persons Act Clause 11(1) specifically forbade the detention of children. b) Children and Young Persons Act. Furthermore, the Children and Young Persons Act[2] defines a child in Section 3 as a person under the age of fourteen years. WebThere are basically three categories of CEDC in Nigeria. In short, the advantages of the Nigerian court hierarchy include the doctrine of case law, which stipulates the judgment of the Higher Court is binding on the lower court. drug traffickers may be deterred because they have a clear option with defined risks. endstream According to Mboho and Udousoro (2014), juvenile justice does not It functions as a court of summary judgement. There is a lot of information that is different than the United States and I feel as if youth have a tendency to take advantage Laws Applicable to Juvenile Sentencing in Nigeria. endstream Explains that a library shall be provided in every prison, and subject to these regulations and to such conditions as the director general may determine, each prisoner shall have library books and exchange them as often as practicable. Mr. Oyetola Muyiwa Atoyebi, SAN is the Managing Partner of O. M. Atoyebi, S.A.N & Partners (OMAPLEX Law Firm). Drawing on the lessons generated by such initiatives, this article makes The area of sentencing encompasses a wide range of methods and theories. endobj Embassy of the Republic of Nigeria 3519 International Court, N.W. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Data are presented to discuss the current status of juvenile delinquency in Nigeria and the appropriateness of applying Western theories of delinquency causation to the Nigerian experience. 2016 Jan;25(1):41-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2015.08.011. Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen) which executes people Learn how your comment data is processed. The Juvenile Justice System in Nigeria was guided by the British so it is difficult to ignore or understand without knowing the colonials past. who were under 18 years-old at the time they committed their crimes. Governor and Legislative Electoral Tribunal: This handle petitions for governor and state legislative elections. Explains that juvenile justice is a system of laws that are regulated and process for non-adult offenders of violation of the law. Juvenile/Youth Justice Management in Nigeria: Making a Case for endstream xS* Mr. Atoyebi has expertise in and vast knowledge of Criminal Law Practice and this has seen him advise and represent his vast clientele in a myriad of high-level transactions. It further asserts that governments should attempt to make the procedures and structure of the juvenile court, as well as the disposition of the juvenile, more informal than they are in most countries today by establishing neighborhood courts of lay judges. pretrial motions, expert witness fees, jury selection and the necessity of two trials per gregg v. Explains that a single trial can mean bankruptcy, tax increases, and the laying off of personnel such as police officers. x+ | Explains that the public defenders receive $0.50 an hour pay for 2000 hours. endobj LockA locked padlock Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies (Author abstract), Territories Financial Support Center (TFSC), Tribal Financial Management Center (TFMC). Of all delinquency cases referred to juvenile court, approximately one quarter are dismissed or diverted for handling outside the court process. youth advocates, judges, and police have been critical of the movement to federalize crimes already handled by states. He finds theories of poverty, broken homes, labeling, and gang membership inadequate to explain the situation in Nigeria. Nigeria also has consulates in Atlanta and New York City. endobj ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. WebJUVENILE JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA Hakeem Ijaiya* This article seeks to analyse the state of the system of juvenile justice administration in Nigeria against the xS* Thus, a juvenile who commits an offense will come before the youth court in one of two ways: criminal proceedings or care proceedings. MeSH Explains that clark, s., and patrick, b. choose freedom read : book talks behind bars. during the 1970's due to questions concerning its fairness (Flanders 50). Hon. WebJUVENILE JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA: A CALL FOR REFORM was written by (NAME IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS AND IN BOLD) with Matriculation Number (MATRICULATION NUMBER IN CAPITAL LETTERS AND IN BOLD) under my supervision in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Laws LL.B (Hons) Would you like email updates of new search results? endstream There are some cases such as truancy and running away from home that are handled by the juvenile court. Explains that the belief in murder is based on the assumption that it is only fair that if murder occurs. <> christian science monitor. <>stream 27 0 obj Youth courts also deal with children of any age up to 17 in what is called a care proceeding, which is based on the idea that the child is in need of court-ordered care, protection, or control because one of a number of conditions is satisfied. Most juvenile offenses are committed in urban areas and are property crimes. <> official website and that any information you provide is encrypted LockA locked padlock It has original jurisdiction in civil matters and cases as set out under Section 251 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). -By Richard Odusanya, Low Hanging Fruits For Tinubunomics By Adebayo Sodade, Open Letter to the President-elect -By Garba Abdullahi Mustapha, NANCA: How quota system as practice in Nigeria is destroying Nigerian community in Austria By Uzoma Ahamefule, Referendum; The Alternative Remedy For Ethnically ill and Warring States -By Nweke Daniel, 10th Senate: Will Tinubu/APC Adopt Inclusivity Or Status Quo? Juvenile justice - Egypt | Britannica Hon. There is only one Supreme Court in Nigeria which is located in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria COURT OF APPEAL It is provided for under Section 230 R To debrief sentencers of false notions regarding the validity or effectiveness of some of the metrics that have been used up to this point, it has been proposed that much more work has to be done given that many of these assumptions are not supported by any empirical evidence. The Federal High Court has a division in each of the thirty-six states in Nigeria. Narrates how they were arrested by police and thrown into a cell. stream Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Explains that death penalty supporters claim that even if it were not a deterrent to crime, it should still be the penalty for first degree murder. The death penalty began to be reinstated slowly, but the rate of executions has increased during the 1990's (Winters103-107). Explains that there was a lot of debate about the two systems. Cites the u.s. department of justice's sourcebook of criminal justice statistics 2002. state correctional facilities provide mental health screening and treatment. It is the 3rd in rank of courts in Nigeria. Touch bases on several smaller issues that contribute to juveniles being in and effects of adult prisons. This will enable all cases where a child is involved, whether as offender or 0000002188 00000 n It is provided for under Section 255 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). Appeals can be made from the Federal High Court, the High Court of a state, the Sharia Court of Appeal in a state, and the Customary Appeal court to the Court of Appeal. Opines that the increase in juvenile murders will spur renewed interest in executing teens or locking them away for the rest of their lives. Disclaimer. The Sharia Court of Appeal is a Court of appeal recognized by the Nigerian government. [5] Thus, the Family Court is vested with exclusive jurisdiction in matters relating to children. Explains the bureau of justice statistics' "key facts at a glance: prisoners on death row by race.". 0000006954 00000 n Explains that white people are 7 times more likely to receive the death penalty if they kill a white person. Regarding the specific laws in Nigeria that govern the punishment of juvenile offenders, Sections 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the Children and Young Persons Act deal with the punishment of children and young people who break the law. Thus, a child below the age of 7 is not criminally responsible for any act or omission. 123Helpme.com. Rights of the Child in Nigeria Report on the implementation of the 7.2.3 CONSTITUTION AND PROCEDURE OF JUVENILE COURTS P. 24 7.2.4 CRIMINALIZATION OF DESTITUTION AND DEPRIVATION P. 26 endobj Epub 2013 Jun 12. Based on ethnographic observations in Nigeria and predicated on a review of ethnographic literature on Nigeria as well as a study of the Nigerian Criminal Code and Procedure, the paper suggests that the informal control of juvenile delinquency may be a panacea for recidivism and a consequent criminal career. Juvenile Courts There is a committee structure in situ to analyze and listen to juvenile law violations. xS* endobj % endstream The Colonial Children and Young Persons Act (CYPA), which was initially designed to apply only to the colony of Lagos, is the primary piece of legislation in Nigeria that governs the juvenile justice system. endstream He holds the honour of being the youngest lawyer in Nigerias history to be conferred with the rank of Senior Advocate of Nigeria. The Court reviews cases involving Sharia law, especially in the northern regions of the country. Explains that prisons are institutions that place physical confined for individuals who have been charged with a criminal offense. Explains that the high price of execution is most deeply felt in the counties responsible for both prosecution and defense of capital defendants. When thinking in terms of the juvenile justice system, it is just the integral part of the criminal justice system. A male child under the age of 12 is always assumed to be incapable of having carnal knowledge and therefore cannot be held responsible for offenses requiring that element. PMC The concept of delinquency, as well as special trials and institutions for confining and controlling youth, was established in the mid-19th century in Great Britain, where courts acquired the authority to intervene as parens patriae (Latin: parent of the land) to protect the property rights of children. 0000002375 00000 n Explains that life without parole is the most popular alternative, which is morally and financially cheaper than execution, although the numbers can be fudged somewhat to attain a favorable appearance. Yet juveniles were tried in the same courts as adults until the Juvenile Court of Law was founded in Chicago in 1899. x+ | %PDF-1.5 R When discussing each part of this paper, I tried to get as much as information as possible to highlight Nigerias Juvenile Justice System. From 1914-1943, juvenile delinquency emerged as a distinct social problem; specific laws were enacted relating to children and Reformatory and Industrial Schools were established across the country.
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